Socialization

 

Nature��� vs.� Nurture

Biology�� vs.� Upbringing

Genetics�� vs.���� Environment

 

Socialization=� the process whereby we learn and internalize the attitudes , values, and beliefs of our culture and develop a sense of self

Personality=� a dominant pattern of attitudes, feelings, and behaviors

 

Sigmund Freud-�� developed a psycho SEXUAL theory on socialization and personality development

1)   �Believed that development takes place between the ages of birth an 12.� After that, there is very little change.

2)   Emphasized sex�operational definition includes all bodily functions, not just procreation.

3)   Three parts of our personality�ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

 

4)   Identified defense mechanisms we use to keep our ID repressed into our subconscious where we are unaware of its force and power--�� SUBLIMATION, PROJECTION, DISPLACEMENT, and REACTION FORMATION

 

Erik Erickson--� developed a psychosocial theory on socialization and personality development

1)    �Believed that we develop in specific stages, and that at each stage, there is a basic conflict that we have to work out with our environment� how we work this out at each stage gives us certain personality tendencies.

2)    Emphasized our social interactions and interplay with our environment.

3)    Identified 8 stages of development, extending them into adulthood and the entire life cycle.

4)    We continue to develop our personality throughout the course of our life.

Gail Sheehy�identified 4 specific adult life stages that we go through,� predictable for each of us

1)    Trying Twenties

2)    Catch 30s

3)    Forlorn 40s

4)    Refreshed 50s

 

 

Socialization, cont.

Other people to consider:��

George Herbert Meade�� MIND, SELF, SOCIETY������������������������������������������������

(handout)

 

Charles Horton Cooley��� LOOKING GLASS SELF� (p. 64 text)

1)    �We imagine our appearance to others

2)    We imagine their judgments of that appearance (we interpret their reactions)

3)    We develop feelings and responses about their judgment (what we believe to be their judgment from our perceptions)� This is our self concept

 

Lawrence Kohlberg�developed a theory on moral development

1)    Amoral Stage

2)    PreConventional Stage

3)    Conventional Stage

4)    Post Conventional Stage

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION-� the institutions in our society that take on the task of socialization

Family

Religion

Mass Media

Workplace

Peers

Day Care

Sports

School